| 类型 | 构成与用法 | 例句 |

|------|------------|------|

| 单数名词所有格 | 在名词末尾直接加's，表示所属关系。适用于有生命的人或动物。 | Tom's car is red. / The cat's tail is long. |

| 以s结尾的复数名词所有格 | 先在名词末尾加撇号，不加s。适用于规则复数名词。 | The students' books are on the desk. / The dogs' food is in the bowl. |

| 不规则复数名词所有格 | 不规则复数名词（如children, men, women）仍加's。 | The children's toys are everywhere. / The men's room is on the left. |

| 以s结尾的专有名词所有格 | 通常加's，但也可仅加撇号。两种形式均常见，口语中多读作's。 | James's job is demanding. / Ross' office is on the third floor. |

| 无生命事物的所有格 | 通常用of结构表示所属，但时间、距离、金钱、季节等抽象名词可用's。 | The roof of the house is leaking. / A day's work has been done. / A mile's walk is tiring. |

| 时间与距离所有格 | 表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的名词用's构成所有格，常作定语。 | Tomorrow's meeting is postponed. / Ten dollars' worth of gas. / A month's salary is gone. |

| 双重所有格 | 结构为“of + 名词's”，表示部分概念或强调“之一”。常用于a friend of mine这类结构。 | She is a friend of my mother's. / That painting is a work of Picasso's. |

| 形容词性物主代词 | 用在名词前，表示所属。有人称和数的变化：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。 | My pen is missing. / Their house is next to ours. |

| 名词性物主代词 | 单独使用，代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。形态：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。 | This book is mine. / Those keys are yours. |

| 所有格表示店铺、教堂、地点 | 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所等场所的名词后加's，可省略后面的名词。 | I'm going to the baker's. / She is at the doctor's. / We visited St. Paul's. |

| 所有格用于节日与固定短语 | 许多节日和固定短语用's构成所有格，如New Year's Day, Valentine's Day。 | We celebrate New Year's Eve with fireworks. / For goodness' sake, hurry up! |

| 所有格与系动词的区分 | 注意's可能是所有格也可能是is的缩写，需根据上下文判断。 | The cat's tail is long.（所有格）/ The cat's sleeping.（系动词缩写） |

| 所有格用于并列名词 | 若两个名词并列且共同拥有某物，只在最后一个名词后加's；若各自拥有，则分别加's。 | Tom and Mary's car is new.（两人共有一辆车）/ Tom's and Mary's cars are new.（每人各有一辆） |

| 所有格用于名词短语 | 整个名词短语末尾加's，包括修饰语。 | The Queen of England's crown is precious. / The man next door's dog barks loudly. |

| 所有格用于抽象概念 | 抽象名词也常用's所有格，表示属性或特征。 | The book's importance cannot be overstated. / The government's decision is final. |

| 所有格用于度量衡与价值 | 表示度量衡、价值的名词可用's。 | A pound's weight is enough. / Two weeks' notice is required. |

| 所有格用于交通工具 | 有时用's表示交通工具的归属或特征。 | The plane's engine failed. / The ship's captain is experienced. |

| 所有格用于地理名称 | 城市、国家、机构名称常用's。 | The city's population has grown. / China's economy is developing rapidly. |

| 所有格用于时间表达（固定短语） | 如today's, yesterday's, this week's等。 | Today's news is shocking. / This year's budget has been approved. |

| 所有格省略现象 | 在口语或非正式文体中，当语境清晰时，所有格后的名词可省略。 | I met her at the dentist's. / I'll pick up the laundry from the cleaner's. |